Preventing and responding to overdoses

First, a substance's effect on a person can vary depending on age, weight, and physical and mental condition. Secondly, it varies based on the substance(s) consumed and their interactions, the dosage, and the mode of absorption. Finally, the context surrounding the person's consumption also impacts the effect. Is the person using alone? Does the person feel safe?

How to prevent an overdose

To prevent overdoses, the first step is to build a relationship of trust with the young person. By discussing the issue openly and without judgment, it is possible to focus on prevention. It is important that the young person feels comfortable calling you or going to see you if they do not feel well or safe.

Also, having open conversations allows them to ask questions and make more informed decisions in the future. To this end, many qualified organizations are available to answer parents' and teens' questions about substance use.

It is normal to feel concerned and to want to question the person. However, in these situations, the person will not be able to respond to complex instructions and questions.

It is best to avoid blaming the person and to be as reassuring as possible. Information such as the substances used, the time of the last use, and the amount used is necessary to guide the intervention.

Overdose of disruptors or stimulants 

In the large family of stimulants, we find speed, MDMA and cocaine, among others. Signs of a stimulant overdose include extreme agitation, headaches, nausea, confusion, chest pain, and rapid heart rate.

The family of disruptors includes cannabis, wax, magic mushrooms, LSD, and ketamine. New edible products containing THC, the psychoactive substance in cannabis, have increased in popularity in recent years (e.g. jujubes).

When digested, the effects take longer to be felt and are longer lasting than when THC is absorbed by inhalation. When smoked, the effects of cannabis are felt within minutes, whereas when ingested, it can take up to 30 minutes to 2 hours.

Given this longer time frame, people may tend to use larger amounts or even combine substances, which greatly increases the risk of overdose. Signs of a disruptive drug overdose include pale skin, nausea, anxiety, confusion, as well as paranoia, hallucinations, and loss of contact with reality (psychosis).

If the person's condition worries you or worsens, contact emergency services immediately, as they will be able to guide you.

Depressant overdose

The family of depressants includes alcohol, benzodiazepines (e.g. Xanax® and Valium®), GHB and opioids (e.g. heroin, morphine and Fentanyl).

Since we may have prescription drugs in our homes that can be used recreationally, it is important to store them properly.

It is also beneficial to discuss the risks of prescription drugs with your teen, as they can sometimes create a false sense of security for users.

Contamination or use of cutting products

Also, it is important to properly assess the symptoms of an overdose because contamination or use of cutting products can be the cause. This occurs when an unwanted substance comes into contact with the original substance during manufacturing or distribution. For example, a young person may consume a speed (stimulant) and unknowingly overdose on the Fentanyl (depressant) that it has been mixed with.

If you notice one or more of the symptoms of opioid overdose: drowsiness, cold skin, bluish lips, small pupils, and difficulty breathing, call emergency services immediately.

In addition, opioids are unique in that there is an antidote that temporarily blocks the effects of the overdose called Naloxone. To obtain a free kit and receive the appropriate training, contact your local pharmacist or a community organization working in harm reduction. Do not hesitate to contact us for any questions at (450) 967 0410 and visit our website to learn more about our services

References (in French)

CATIE
Gouvernement du Canada, Surdosage d’opioïde
AQPSUD, Le Blender